2025 roadmap on 3D nanomagnetism

authored by: Gianluca Gubbiotti, Anjan Barman, Sam Ladak, Cristina Bran, Dirk Grundler, Michael Huth, Harald Plank, Georg Schmidt, Sebastiaan van Dijken, Robert Streubel, Oleksandr Dobrovoloskiy, Valerio Scagnoli, Laura Heyderman, Claire Donnelly, Olav Hellwig, Lorenzo Fallarino, M. Benjamin Jungfleisch, Alan Farhan, Nicolò Maccaferri, Paolo Vavassori, Peter Fischer, Riccardo Tomasello, Giovanni Finocchio, Rodolphe Clérac, Roberta Sessoli, Denys Makarov, Denis D. Sheka, Maciej Krawczyk, Rodolfo Gallardo, Pedro Landeros, Massimiliano d’Aquino, Riccardo Hertel, Philipp Pirro, Florin Ciubotaru, Markus Becherer, Jack Gartside, Teruo Ono, Paolo Bortolotti, Amalio Fernández-Pacheco
Abstract: The transition from planar to three-dimensional (3D) magnetic nanostructures represents a significant advancement in both fundamental research and practical applications, offering vast potential for next-generation technologies like ultrahigh-density storage, memory, logic, and neuromorphic computing. Despite being a relatively new field, the emergence of 3D nanomagnetism presents numerous opportunities for innovation, prompting the creation of a comprehensive roadmap by leading international researchers. This roadmap aims to facilitate collaboration and interdisciplinary dialogue to address challenges in materials science, physics, engineering, and computing. The roadmap comprises eighteen sections, roughly divided into three blocks. The first block explores the fundamentals of 3D nanomagnetism, focusing on recent trends in fabrication techniques and imaging methods crucial for understanding complex spin textures, curved surfaces, and small-scale interactions. Techniques such as two-photon lithography and focused electron beam-induced deposition enable the creation of intricate 3D architectures, while advanced imaging methods like electron holography and synchrotron x-ray tomography provide nanoscale spatial resolution for studying magnetization dynamics in three dimensions. Various 3D magnetic systems, including coupled multilayer systems, artificial spin-ice, magneto-plasmonic systems, topological spin textures, and molecular magnets are discussed. The second block introduces analytical and numerical methods for investigating 3D nanomagnetic structures and curvilinear systems, highlighting geometrically curved architectures, interconnected nanowire systems, and other complex geometries. Finite element methods are emphasized for capturing complex geometries, along with direct frequency domain solutions for addressing magnonic problems. The final block focuses on 3D magnonic crystals and networks, exploring their fundamental properties and potential applications in magnonic circuits, memory, and spintronics. Computational approaches using 3D nanomagnetic systems and complex topological textures in 3D spintronics are highlighted for their potential to enable faster and more energy-efficient computing.
External Organisation(s): CNR Istituto Officina Dei Materiali (CNR-IOM)
S N Bose National Centre for Basic Science
Cardiff University
Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA-CSIC)
Institut de Physique des Materiaux, Bucarest-Magurele
École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
Goethe University Frankfurt
Graz University of Technology
Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg
Aalto University
University of Nebraska
Technische Universität Braunschweig
ETH Zurich
Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI)
Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids (MPI CPfS)
Hiroshima University
Chemnitz University of Technology (CUT)
Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR)
Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA)
University of Delaware
Baylor University
Umea University
Ikerbasque, the Basque Foundation for Science
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
University of California at Santa Cruz
Politecnico di Bari
University of Messina
Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal
University of Florence (UniFi)
Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University
Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań
Universidad Tecnica Federico Santa Maria
Monte S. Angelo University Federico II
University of Strasbourg
University of Kaiserslautern-Landau (RPTU)
IMEC
Technical University of Munich (TUM)
Imperial College London
Kyoto University
Université Paris-Saclay
TU Wien (TUW)
Type: Review article
Journal: Journal of Physics Condensed Matter
Volume: 37
ISSN: 0953-8984
Publication date: 19.02.2025
Publication status: Published
Peer reviewed: Yes
ASJC Scopus subject areas: General Materials Science, Condensed Matter Physics
Electronic version(s): https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-648X/ad9655 (Access: Open)

BibTeX

@article{eb4ee56815784caba9931e106f0fd361,
title = "2025 roadmap on 3D nanomagnetism",
abstract = "The transition from planar to three-dimensional (3D) magnetic nanostructures represents a significant advancement in both fundamental research and practical applications, offering vast potential for next-generation technologies like ultrahigh-density storage, memory, logic, and neuromorphic computing. Despite being a relatively new field, the emergence of 3D nanomagnetism presents numerous opportunities for innovation, prompting the creation of a comprehensive roadmap by leading international researchers. This roadmap aims to facilitate collaboration and interdisciplinary dialogue to address challenges in materials science, physics, engineering, and computing. The roadmap comprises eighteen sections, roughly divided into three blocks. The first block explores the fundamentals of 3D nanomagnetism, focusing on recent trends in fabrication techniques and imaging methods crucial for understanding complex spin textures, curved surfaces, and small-scale interactions. Techniques such as two-photon lithography and focused electron beam-induced deposition enable the creation of intricate 3D architectures, while advanced imaging methods like electron holography and synchrotron x-ray tomography provide nanoscale spatial resolution for studying magnetization dynamics in three dimensions. Various 3D magnetic systems, including coupled multilayer systems, artificial spin-ice, magneto-plasmonic systems, topological spin textures, and molecular magnets are discussed. The second block introduces analytical and numerical methods for investigating 3D nanomagnetic structures and curvilinear systems, highlighting geometrically curved architectures, interconnected nanowire systems, and other complex geometries. Finite element methods are emphasized for capturing complex geometries, along with direct frequency domain solutions for addressing magnonic problems. The final block focuses on 3D magnonic crystals and networks, exploring their fundamental properties and potential applications in magnonic circuits, memory, and spintronics. Computational approaches using 3D nanomagnetic systems and complex topological textures in 3D spintronics are highlighted for their potential to enable faster and more energy-efficient computing.",
keywords = "analytical methods, computational approaches, fabrication techniques, imaging methods, nanomagnetism, three-dimensional nanomagnetism",
author = "Gianluca Gubbiotti and Anjan Barman and Sam Ladak and Cristina Bran and Dirk Grundler and Michael Huth and Harald Plank and Georg Schmidt and {van Dijken}, Sebastiaan and Robert Streubel and Oleksandr Dobrovoloskiy and Valerio Scagnoli and Laura Heyderman and Claire Donnelly and Olav Hellwig and Lorenzo Fallarino and Jungfleisch, {M. Benjamin} and Alan Farhan and Nicol{\`o} Maccaferri and Paolo Vavassori and Peter Fischer and Riccardo Tomasello and Giovanni Finocchio and Rodolphe Cl{\'e}rac and Roberta Sessoli and Denys Makarov and Sheka, {Denis D.} and Maciej Krawczyk and Rodolfo Gallardo and Pedro Landeros and Massimiliano d{\textquoteright}Aquino and Riccardo Hertel and Philipp Pirro and Florin Ciubotaru and Markus Becherer and Jack Gartside and Teruo Ono and Paolo Bortolotti and Amalio Fern{\'a}ndez-Pacheco",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2025 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd.",
year = "2025",
month = feb,
day = "19",
doi = "10.1088/1361-648X/ad9655",
language = "English",
volume = "37",
journal = "Journal of Physics Condensed Matter",
issn = "0953-8984",
publisher = "IOP Publishing Ltd.",
number = "14",
}